The Renewal Times

October, 2003.
ISSN 1705-3773 The Renewal Times

The Renewal Times is a publication of Renewal Technologies and is edited by Roger Ellerton.

This newsletter may be republished without permission, provided it is reproduced in its entirety. To reproduce sections of the newsletter, please contact Renewal Technologies at info@renewal.ca.

Please feel free to forward this newsletter to friends and colleagues. To become a subscriber, send an e-mail to info@renewal.ca with subscribe in the subject line.

Please note: The material in this newsletter is presented for information only. It is not a substitute for medical, psychological or professional advice. Please consult a qualified professional.

Included in this newsletter:

• Thought for the day
  
• Health Notes
  
• Upcoming Seminars
  
• Feature Article
  
• Humour
  
• Feedback
  
• More Information
  

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Thought for the Day
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It is a commonplace observation that work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion.

         C. Northcote Parkinson

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Health Notes
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To Err is Human

You may win the respect of your friends and family more readily when you take responsibility for your mistakes.

A recent study revealed that people who made excuses for problems they were having at work or at school were viewed less favorably by observers. Observers tended to view habitual excuse makers as people who were unreliable, deceptive, ineffectual, and lacking in character. Thus, owning up to mistakes or shortcomings and taking actions to correct them may be more likely to earn the respect of friends or peers.

Excuses and character: personal and social implications of excuses. Schlenker, B. R., Pontari, B. A., Christopher, A. N., Personality and Social Psychology Review 2001;5(1):15-32.

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Enhance Your Mood During the Winter

You may be able to keep the blues away this winter by adding a vitamin D supplement to your diet.

During months when there are fewer hours of sunlight, some people develop a condition known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD). This condition is marked by symptoms of depression, lethargy, and sleeplessness, as well as a craving for carbohydrate-rich foods. Researchers speculate that SAD may be caused, in part, by a deficiency of vitamin D. The human body needs sunlight to produce this nutrient, and winter months in which sunlight is scarce may cause people to become deficient. Vitamin D also can be obtained from foods, such as Atlantic mackerel, some cereals (check the label), and vitamin D-enriched milk, or from supplements.

Vitamin D3 enhances mood in healthy subjects during winter. Lansdowne, A. T., Provost, S. C., Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1998 Feb;135(4):319-323.

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Upcoming Seminars / Workshops
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NLP Practitioner Training

Nov. 14 - 16, 21 - 23, Dec. 5 - 7

NLP Practitioner Training

Feb. 6 - 8, 20 - 22, 27 - 29

NLP Master Practitioner Training -- Take your NLP knowledge and abilities to the next level!

March 19 - 21, April 2 - 4, 23 - 25, May 14 - 16, 28 - 30

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Feature Article
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This article may be reproduced, provided it is reproduced in full, including author bio and a link to renewal.ca. If you republish this or any of our other articles without including the author's name, bio and a link to renewal.ca, you will be in violation of copyright law and sent an invoice.

Modalities and Representational Systems

Visual (V), auditory (A), kinesthetic (K), gustatory (G) and olfactory (O) are the five primary sensory modalities that we use to experience the world around us (the neuro of neuro linguistic programming - see the article, What is NLP?). These modalities are also known as representational systems (rep systems) as they are the primary ways we represent, code, store and give meaning or language (linguistic) to our experiences.

Often, we work with three representational systems: visual, auditory and kinesthetic. Although primary senses, gustatory and olfactory do not play a major role and are often included with kinesthetic. However, if you or your client is a chef, works with fragrances, or is a person who uses and relies on your gustatory or olfactory senses to a large degree, then these senses need to be considered separate from kinesthetic. Many NLP practitioners split the visual and auditory representational systems into two components - visual analog (V_a shape and colour), visual digital (V_d written symbols); auditory tonal (A_t sound) and auditory digital (A_d words - discrete verbal symbols) - and refer to the combined visual digital and auditory digital as digital. As you will see in later articles, we also distinguish if the modality is internal or external. For example, if I am looking at my car, this is visual external and indicated as V_a^e. On the other hand, if I am seeing my car as a mental image in my mind, then this is visual internal and indicated as V_a ⁱ.

We can access more than one representational system at the same time -- listening to music A_t^e, while seeing a picture of my spouse in my mind's eye V_a ⁱ. As we will discover when we cover strategies, our behaviour is produced from a mixture of internal and external sensory experience.

For our purposes in this article, I will refer to visual analog as visual (V) and auditory tonal as auditory (A). K will refer to Kinesthetic and D to Digital.

Preferred Representational Systems

We use all of our senses and depending on the circumstances may focus on one or more of them - when listening to a favorite piece of music, we may close our eyes to more fully listen and to experience certain feelings.

Each of us have preferred representational systems. For example, when learning something new, some of us may prefer to see it or imagine it performed, others need to hear how to do it, others need to get a feeling for it, and yet others have to make sense of it. In general, one system is not better than another. However, depending on the context, one or more of the representational systems may be more effective: landscape painters - visual, musicians -- auditory, athletes -- kinesthetic and mathematicians -- digital. People at the top of their profession typically have the ability to use all of the representational systems and to choose the one most appropriate for the situation.

Depending on your preferred representational system(s), you may exhibit certain behaviours or characteristics. Before exploring these behaviours, please note that depending on what is going on in your life, or the context, you may change your preferred representational system(s). Hence, it is more useful to notice the representational system a person is currently favouring, rather than pigeon-holing a person.

The following are generalizations on the characteristics of people with a preference for visual, auditory, kinesthetic or digital. Remember, with all generalizations, there are always exceptions.

Visual

People with a visual preference, will tend to:

• Be organized, neat and well-groomed. Why? Because they want to look good. And what do they expect from you? Yes, the same thing!
• Use visualization for memory and decision making - often getting insights about something.
• Be more imaginative and may have difficulty putting their ideas in words.
• Speak faster than the general population. Why? Because they have a picture(s) in their mind and if it is a moving picture, there is a lot to tell in so little time!
• Prefer in-person interactions - to see the other person and his/her reactions.
• Want to see or be shown concepts, ideas or how something is done.
• Want to see the big picture.
• May not remember what people have said and become confused if you give them too many verbal instructions. However, if you can draw a map or picture for them, then they can see what you are saying.
• Remember faces more easily than names.
• Be distracted by visual activity and less so by noise.

Auditory

People with an auditory tonal preference, will tend to:

• Be more aware of subtle change in the tone of your voice and be more responsive to certain tones of voice.
• Perceive and represent sequences and are able to remember directions or instructions more easily.
• Learn by listening and asking questions.
• Enjoy discussions and prefer to communicate through spoken language rather than the written word.
• Talk through problems and like to have someone available to serve as a sounding board for their ideas.
• Need to be heard.
• Be easily distracted by noise.

Kinesthetic

People with a kinesthetic preference, will tend to:

• Speak slower than the general population. Why? Because they need time to get in touch with how they feel about the topic.
• Be more sensitive to their bodies and their feelings and respond to physical rewards and touching.
• Learn by doing, moving or touching.
• Dress and groom themselves more for comfort than how they look.
• Make decisions based on their feelings.
• Stand closer to other people than those with a visual preference - to feel the other person’s energy, whereas the person with a visual preference will stand back to see more of the other person (body language, etc.).

Digital

Digital is devoid of the senses. People with an auditory digital preference, will tend to:

• Have a need to make sense of the world, to figure things out, to understand.
• Talk to themselves and carry on conversations with you in their mind. Often they will say they remember discussing something with you, when you actually did not have the conversation. They did, however, in their mind!
• Learn by working things out in their mind.
• Not to be spontaneous, as they like to think things through.
• Have logic play a key role in the decision process as do facts and figures.
• Memorize by steps, procedures, sequences.

I have a PhD in Statistics, does this give you some idea as to my preferred representational system (at least when I was working on my PhD. Remember, I may have changed my preferences over time.)? If you said digital (facts and figures, logic), you are correct. I was able to visualize mathematical formulations in my mind and work them through before actually writing them down on paper. Many scientists and inventors have a highly developed ability to visualize (analog or digital).

Can you see yourself in one or more of these representational systems, or does one sound better than the others, or do you feel one is a better fit than another or does one just make sense to you? In a subsequent article, we will present a preference assessment to help you decide which is(are) your preferred representational system(s), illustrate how you can identify another person’s preferred representational system(s) and demonstrate how you can use this knowledge at work and in your personal life to enhance your relationships with others.

Visual (V), auditory (A), kinesthetic (K), gustatory (G) and olfactory (O) are the five primary sensory modalities that we use to experience the world around us (the neuro of neuro linguistic programming - see the article, What is NLP?). These modalities are also known as representational systems (rep systems) as they are the primary ways we represent, code, store and give meaning or language (linguistic) to our experiences.

Often, we work with three representational systems: visual, auditory and kinesthetic. Although primary senses, gustatory and olfactory do not play a major role and are often included with kinesthetic. However, if you or your client is a chef, works with fragrances, or is a person who uses and relies on your gustatory or olfactory senses to a large degree, then these senses need to be considered separate from kinesthetic. Many NLP practitioners split the visual and auditory representational systems into two components - visual analog (V_a shape and colour), visual digital (V_d written symbols); auditory tonal (A_t sound) and auditory digital (A_d words - discrete verbal symbols) - and refer to the combined visual digital and auditory digital as digital. As you will see in later articles, we also distinguish if the modality is internal or external. For example, if I am looking at my car, this is visual external and indicated as V_a^e. On the other hand, if I am seeing my car as a mental image in my mind, then this is visual internal and indicated as V_a ⁱ.

We can access more than one representational system at the same time -- listening to music A_t^e, while seeing a picture of my spouse in my mind's eye V_a ⁱ. As we will discover when we cover strategies, our behaviour is produced from a mixture of internal and external sensory experience.

For our purposes in this article, I will refer to visual analog as visual (V) and auditory tonal as auditory (A). K will refer to Kinesthetic and D to Digital.

Preferred Representational Systems

We use all of our senses and depending on the circumstances may focus on one or more of them - when listening to a favorite piece of music, we may close our eyes to more fully listen and to experience certain feelings.

Each of us have preferred representational systems. For example, when learning something new, some of us may prefer to see it or imagine it performed, others need to hear how to do it, others need to get a feeling for it, and yet others have to make sense of it. In general, one system is not better than another. However, depending on the context, one or more of the representational systems may be more effective: landscape painters - visual, musicians -- auditory, athletes -- kinesthetic and mathematicians -- digital. People at the top of their profession typically have the ability to use all of the representational systems and to choose the one most appropriate for the situation.

Depending on your preferred representational system(s), you may exhibit certain behaviours or characteristics. Before exploring these behaviours, please note that depending on what is going on in your life, or the context, you may change your preferred representational system(s). Hence, it is more useful to notice the representational system a person is currently favouring, rather than pigeon-holing a person.

The following are generalizations on the characteristics of people with a preference for visual, auditory, kinesthetic or digital. Remember, with all generalizations, there are always exceptions.

Visual

People with a visual preference, will tend to:

• Be organized, neat and well-groomed. Why? Because they want to look good. And what do they expect from you? Yes, the same thing!
• Use visualization for memory and decision making - often getting insights about something.
• Be more imaginative and may have difficulty putting their ideas in words.
• Speak faster than the general population. Why? Because they have a picture(s) in their mind and if it is a moving picture, there is a lot to tell in so little time!
• Prefer in-person interactions - to see the other person and his/her reactions.
• Want to see or be shown concepts, ideas or how something is done.
• Want to see the big picture.
• May not remember what people have said and become confused if you give them too many verbal instructions. However, if you can draw a map or picture for them, then they can see what you are saying.
• Remember faces more easily than names.
• Be distracted by visual activity and less so by noise.

Auditory

People with an auditory tonal preference, will tend to:

• Be more aware of subtle change in the tone of your voice and be more responsive to certain tones of voice.
• Perceive and represent sequences and are able to remember directions or instructions more easily.
• Learn by listening and asking questions.
• Enjoy discussions and prefer to communicate through spoken language rather than the written word.
• Talk through problems and like to have someone available to serve as a sounding board for their ideas.
• Need to be heard.
• Be easily distracted by noise.

Kinesthetic

People with a kinesthetic preference, will tend to:

• Speak slower than the general population. Why? Because they need time to get in touch with how they feel about the topic.
• Be more sensitive to their bodies and their feelings and respond to physical rewards and touching.
• Learn by doing, moving or touching.
• Dress and groom themselves more for comfort than how they look.
• Make decisions based on their feelings.
• Stand closer to other people than those with a visual preference - to feel the other person’s energy, whereas the person with a visual preference will stand back to see more of the other person (body language, etc.).

Digital

Digital is devoid of the senses. People with an auditory digital preference, will tend to:

• Have a need to make sense of the world, to figure things out, to understand.
• Talk to themselves and carry on conversations with you in their mind. Often they will say they remember discussing something with you, when you actually did not have the conversation. They did, however, in their mind!
• Learn by working things out in their mind.
• Not to be spontaneous, as they like to think things through.
• Have logic play a key role in the decision process as do facts and figures.
• Memorize by steps, procedures, sequences.

I have a PhD in Statistics, does this give you some idea as to my preferred representational system (at least when I was working on my PhD. Remember, I may have changed my preferences over time.)? If you said digital (facts and figures, logic), you are correct. I was able to visualize mathematical formulations in my mind and work them through before actually writing them down on paper. Many scientists and inventors have a highly developed ability to visualize (analog or digital).

Can you see yourself in one or more of these representational systems, or does one sound better than the others, or do you feel one is a better fit than another or does one just make sense to you? In a subsequent article, we will present a preference assessment to help you decide which is(are) your preferred representational system(s), illustrate how you can identify another person’s preferred representational system(s) and demonstrate how you can use this knowledge at work and in your personal life to enhance your relationships with others.

And NLP is Much more than that!

Author: Roger Ellerton is a certified NLP trainer, certified management consultant and the founder and managing partner of Renewal Technologies. He can be reached at Renewal Technologies www.renewal.ca or by e-mail info@renewal.ca. The above article is an extract from the book Live Your Dreams - Let Reality Catch Up: NLP and Common Sense for Coaches, Managers and You.

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Humour
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Psychiatrists and Psychologists

What is the difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?

If you say to a psychiatrist "I hate my mother," he will ask "Why do you say that?" while a psychologist will say "Thank you for sharing that with us."

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Psychiatrist to his nurse: "Just say we're very busy. Don't keep saying 'It's a madhouse.'"

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Feedback
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We welcome feedback on our newsletter - things you liked, areas for improvement, … . Please write to us at info@renewal.ca. If we publish your comments, we will only identify you by your initials, city and country.

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More Information
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For more information, please visit our website or contact us at info@renewal.ca

Copyright © 2003, Renewal Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.

Books, ebooks and CDs by Roger Ellerton

Click on the following links to obtain more information on these products:

• Book: Live Your Dreams Let Reality Catch Up: NLP and Common Sense for Coaches, Managers and You.
• e-book: Live Your Dreams Let Reality Catch Up: 5 Step Action Plan.
• NEW! Book: Parents' Handbook: NLP and Common Sense Guide for Family Well-Being.
• e-book: NLP Techniques Anyone Can Use. Discover the power of NLP.
• CD: Ho'oponopono, a meditation to bringing balance into your life.
• CD: Balancing Modalities, a meditation to improve access to the visual, auditory, kinesthetic and auditory digital modalities.
• CD: Outcome MASTERY, a process and meditation to help you achieve what you desire - more comprehensive than SMART goals.

Renewal Technologies Inc.

Ottawa - Kingston - Gananoque
Ontario, Canada
K2S 1G2
www.renewal.ca
info@renewal.ca